Apostatin-1 is a small molecule that binds to a pocket on the N-terminal TRAF2-binding domain of TRADD (TRADD-N).
TRADD-N interacts with the C-terminal domain (TRADD-C) and TRAF2 to modulate the ubiquitination of RIPK1 and beclin 1.
Apostatin-1 effectively induced autophagy and the degradation of long-lived proteins.
Inhibition of TRADD by ICCB-19 or Apostatin-1 blocks apoptosis and restores cellular homeostasis by activating autophagy in cells with accumulated mutant tau, α-synuclein, or huntingtin.
